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Some inflect different 'aspects', but they all do not give an accurate picture of the sound heard at the time the human in the studio is hearing it
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Some of this is genre dependent, but I can't think of one major label recording that has ever even hinted at using "accuracy" as a judge for the way a record sounds. You can certainly make "accurate" sounding recordings. Just buy one of those stereo recorders and place it in the room or buy some nice test microphones with perfectly flat response.
I cover this topic fairly heavily in my upcoming recording book.
The reason that big boys use Shure SM 57s and Neumann U47s on the kind of records I buy is because these mics have character overload. The idea is to enhance the performance with this or that character. The idea is to make the instrument sit in a mix with other tracks. Objective, mathematical analysis of fidelity goes out the window in this particular case.
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A very few xpensive mics have a wide range, but I was asking other home recordists to recommend their experience with home mics (nothing over, lets say, $1000.00). Thanks.
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Home recordist? I'm a home recording dude! ha ha.
Anyway, you are asking for an entire book with that question. You'll need to get more specific.
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One more thing, BTW: An RTA will tell you the SM57s cut off the freq curve at 40Hz (max low, now matter how close) and 12k-14kHz max hi.
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GREAT! This is AWESOME for keeping the subsonic garbage and super fizzy stuff out! I know your logic appears to make sense, but it isn't really how it works. I can't think of a single instrument that goes 20-20K except maybe drums where actually want all of those frequencies present. Drums are actually great example. It's very common to put a high pass filter on overheads. (I've even done it as high as 500Hz in the past). Why would someone put a high pass filter on overheads? Because the low end getting into the overheads may be muddying up the low end in the kick drum.
This is why the "this mic isn't getting 100% of the spectrum" is a GREAT thing. Because there is more than one piece to the puzzle. Other than bass guitar and kick drum, it wouldn't bother me a bit if every microphone I owned rolled off everything under 100Hz. I LOVE the fact that my Royer R121 ribbon mic ignores the fizz. I like this! It sounds better in most cases!
The fact that certain mics "miss" part of the sound is a great thing!
Brandon